Who is betting on what in AI, and against whom.
Gary Marcus
Researcher
Cognitive scientist and the most persistent public critic of pure scaling. Argues for neurosymbolic systems that combine learned and explicit structure.
Known for Neurosymbolic AI advocacy; Rebooting AI
Argues for
Other substrates Pure scaling has hit its limits; systems need explicit structure and symbols combined with learning.
Works in
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dates not recordedNew York University, Professor emeritus